Gujarat / Maharashtra Judiciary Interview

Fundamental rights the board tests through cases: Article 14 and reasonable classification, Article 19 restrictions, Article 21 after Maneka Gandhi and Puttaswamy, Article 20 and 22 safeguards in arrest and trial · Judicial independence and the subordinate judiciary: Articles 233 to 235, the High Court's control over district courts, Article 50, the collegium after the Judges cases and NJAC, the All India Judges Association litigation on service conditions and the 2025 minimum-practice ruling · Writ jurisdiction and judicial review: Article 32 against Article 226, the five writs and when each lies, Article 227 supervisory power, Article 136 and 141, Article 142 and its limits · Basic structure and amendment: Kesavananda, Minerva Mills, I.R. Coelho and the Ninth Schedule, the 2023 Article 370 judgment, the 2024 electoral bonds judgment · Centre-State and the Governor: Article 200 assent after the 2025 Tamil Nadu Governor judgment and the Presidential reference that followed, Article 356, Article 254 repugnancy, the Seventh Schedule for criminal law and procedure · Principles of natural justice and administrative action: audi alteram partem, bias, reasoned orders, Wednesbury and proportionality, legitimate expectation, promissory estoppel, delegated legislation and its control · Directive principles that shape a judge's work: Article 39A legal aid and the Legal Services Authorities Act, Article 44 and the Uniform Civil Code debate, Article 21A, Article 47 and prohibition laws · Tribunals, contempt and the judge's own limits: Articles 323A and 323B, the Contempt of Courts Act, the Restatement of Values of Judicial Life, Article 361 and Article 310 to 311 on public servants

26+ seeded questions

Formation and vitiating factors under the Contract Act: offer and acceptance, consideration and Section 25 exceptions, capacity and Mohori Bibee, free consent in Sections 13 to 22, Section 23 unlawful object, Section 27 restraint of trade · Discharge and remedies: frustration under Section 56 and Satyabrata Ghose, Section 73 and Hadley rules on damages, Section 74 liquidated damages after Fateh Chand and Kailash Nath, novation under Section 62, quasi-contracts in Sections 68 to 72 · Specific Relief after the 2018 amendment: specific performance as the rule under Section 10, exceptions in Section 14, Section 16 readiness and willingness, substituted performance under Section 20, declaration under Section 34, injunctions in Sections 36 to 42, Section 6 possessory suits · Transfer of Property essentials: Section 5 and 6, Section 41 ostensible owner, Section 43 feeding the grant, Section 52 lis pendens, Section 53 and 53A, kinds of mortgage under Section 58 and redemption under Section 60, lease under Sections 105 to 111 and notice under Section 106, gift under Sections 122 to 126 · Rule against perpetuity and conditions: Sections 10 to 14 and 25, transfers for the benefit of unborn persons, vested and contingent interests, election under Section 35 · CPC foundations the subject member checks: Section 9 civil nature, Sections 15 to 20 place of suing, decree, order and judgment in Section 2, res sub judice and res judicata in Sections 10 and 11, Section 80 notice, Section 89 reference to ADR · Agency, bailment, indemnity and guarantee in day-to-day suits: Sections 124 to 147 surety's rights and discharge, Sections 148 to 181 bailment and pledge, Sections 182 to 238 agency, Partnership Act Section 69 bar on unregistered firms · Recent Supreme Court lines a candidate should know: specific performance of agreements to sell after the amendment, the time-is-essence presumption in immovable property, Section 53A against a true owner, and the Registration Act Section 17 and 49 effect of unregistered documents

26+ seeded questions

General exceptions and group liability in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita: Sections 14 to 44 (IPC 76 to 106), common intention in Section 3(5) (IPC 34), abetment and conspiracy in Sections 45 to 62 (IPC 107 and 120B), attempt in Section 62 (IPC 511) · Offences against the body: culpable homicide and murder in Sections 100 to 103 (IPC 299 to 302), the Section 101 exceptions, Section 105 and 106 (IPC 304 and 304A), hurt and grievous hurt in Sections 114 to 117, mob lynching in Section 103(2), organised crime and terrorism in Sections 111 to 113 · Offences against women and children and property: Sections 63 to 71 (IPC 375 to 376E), Section 80 dowry death (304B), Section 85 cruelty (498A), theft to dacoity in Sections 303 to 310 with snatching in Section 304, criminal breach of trust in Section 316 (406), cheating in Section 318 (420), defamation in Section 356 · Investigation under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita: FIR, zero FIR and e-FIR under Section 173 (CrPC 154), Section 175(3) (156(3)), arrest and Section 35 notice (41 and 41A), remand under Section 187 (167) and the split police-custody rule, Section 183 statements (164), mandatory forensics under Section 176(3), charge sheet under Section 193 (173) · Bail and the liberty jurisprudence: Sections 480, 482 and 483 (CrPC 437, 438, 439), default bail under Section 187(3), first-time offenders under Section 479 (436A), Arnesh Kumar, Satender Kumar Antil, Sanjay Chandra and the bail-not-jail principle, Section 528 inherent powers (482) · Trial stages a magistrate runs: cognizance and complaint procedure in Sections 210 to 226 (190 to 203), discharge and charge in Sections 250 and 251 and 262 and 263 (227, 228, 239, 240), summary trial under Section 283 (260), plea bargaining in Chapter 23, trial in absentia under Section 356, timelines for charge and judgment in Sections 251 and 258 · Maintenance, victims and sentencing: Section 144 maintenance (125) after Rajnesh v. Neha and the 2024 Mohd. Abdul Samad ruling, victim compensation under Section 396 (357A), community service as a punishment under Section 4 BNS, probation and the Probation of Offenders Act, juvenility under the JJ Act 2015 · Special statutes before the judicial magistrate: Section 138 Negotiable Instruments Act and the 2020 Constitution Bench directions, NDPS small and commercial quantity and Section 37, POCSO presumptions and the special court, SC/ST Act bail bar, Domestic Violence Act reliefs in Sections 18 to 22, Motor Vehicles Act and MACT claims

27+ seeded questions

Hindu Marriage Act: conditions in Section 5 and ceremonies in Section 7, void and voidable marriages in Sections 11 and 12, restitution and judicial separation in Sections 9 and 10, divorce grounds in Section 13 and cruelty case law, mutual consent under Section 13B and the waiver of the cooling period in Amardeep Singh, irretrievable breakdown under Article 142 after Shilpa Sailesh · Maintenance and alimony across statutes: Sections 24 and 25 HMA, Section 18 and 20 Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, Section 144 BNSS (125 CrPC), Section 20 Domestic Violence Act, the Rajnesh v. Neha affidavit, interim maintenance from the date of application, overlapping orders · Hindu Succession Act: Section 6 coparcenary after the 2005 amendment and Vineeta Sharma, Section 8 and the Class I heirs, Section 14 widow's absolute estate, Section 15 and 16 succession to a female Hindu, Section 23 and the dwelling house, testamentary succession and the Indian Succession Act for wills and probate · Guardianship, custody and adoption: natural guardian under Section 6 HMGA and Githa Hariharan, welfare of the child as the paramount test, Section 26 HMA and Section 7 to 12 Guardians and Wards Act, adoption under Sections 7 to 11 HAMA and the JJ Act route, Section 112 Evidence Act legitimacy now Section 116 BSA · Muslim personal law as a judge meets it: nikah, mehr and iddat, talaq forms after Shayara Bano and the 2019 Act on triple talaq, khula and mubarat, Section 2 Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939, maintenance after Shah Bano, Danial Latifi and Mohd. Abdul Samad, Section 3 of the 1986 Act, wakf and gifts (hiba) · Other personal and secular laws: Special Marriage Act procedure and Section 4, Indian Divorce Act and Parsi Marriage Act grounds, Christian succession under the Indian Succession Act, the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code 2025 and the Article 44 debate, Supriyo on same-sex marriage, live-in relationships and the Domestic Violence Act · Family court practice: Family Courts Act 1984 Sections 7 to 10 and 13, conciliation and counsellors, in-camera proceedings, DNA tests and Section 112 presumption, transfer petitions, mediation of matrimonial disputes and the quashing of Section 85 BNS cases on settlement

25+ seeded questions

Registration and stamp: compulsory registration under Section 17 Registration Act and the Section 49 consequence, impounding under the Gujarat Stamp Act 1958 and the Maharashtra Stamp Act 1958, stamp duty on agreements to sell and development agreements, adjudication by the collector · Limitation Act as a daily tool: Section 3 duty to dismiss, Section 5 condonation, Sections 12 to 14 exclusion, Section 18 acknowledgment, Section 27 extinguishment, Articles 54, 58, 65, 113 and 137 · Land revenue codes: the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code 1966 and the Gujarat (Bombay) Land Revenue Code 1879, occupancy classes, mutation entries and their evidentiary value, the bar on civil courts for revenue matters, the Gujarat Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act 1948 and the Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act 1948, non-agricultural permission · Rent control: the Maharashtra Rent Control Act 1999 (Sections 15 and 16 grounds, standard rent, the Small Causes Court as forum, licence agreements under Section 24) and the Gujarat Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act 1947, bona fide requirement and the comparative hardship test · Statutes before the magistrate and the civil judge in both states: the Gujarat Prohibition Act 1949 and the Maharashtra Prohibition Act 1949, the Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act 1960 and the Gujarat Co-operative Societies Act 1961 and the bar on civil suits, the Maharashtra Public Trusts Act 1950 and the Gujarat Public Trusts Act 2011, the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act 1963 and RERA · Adverse possession, easements and settled possession: Ravinder Kaur Grewal, Section 6 Specific Relief Act, injunction simpliciter and Anathula Sudhakar, prescription under the Easements Act, Mamlatdar's Courts Act for possession disputes in Maharashtra and Gujarat · Partition and co-ownership of immovable property: Sections 44 to 47 Transfer of Property Act, preliminary and final decree under Order 20 Rule 18, Partition Act 1893, the Maharashtra Court Fees Act 1959 and the Gujarat Court Fees Act 2004 and the pecuniary jurisdiction of the civil judge junior division

25+ seeded questions

Relevancy and admissibility under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam: Sections 3 to 50 (Evidence Act 5 to 55), res gestae in Section 4 (6), motive and conduct in Section 6 (8), admissions in Sections 15 to 21 (17 to 23), confessions in Sections 22 to 24 (24 to 30), Section 23(2) discovery (27), dying declaration in Section 26(a) (32(1)) · Proof of documents and electronic evidence: primary and secondary evidence in Sections 56 to 60 (62 to 65), electronic records in Sections 61 to 63 (65A and 65B) after Arjun Panditrao and the BSA certificate, presumptions as to documents in Sections 78 to 93, Section 94 to 98 exclusion of oral evidence (91 and 92) · Burden and presumptions: Sections 104 to 120 (101 to 117), Section 109 special knowledge (106), Section 117 and 118 abetment of suicide and dowry death (113A and 113B), Section 119 (114) and the court's presumptions, Section 116 legitimacy (112), Section 121 estoppel (115) · Witnesses and examination: competency in Sections 124 to 127, privileged communications in Sections 128 to 134 (121 to 129), examination in chief, cross and re-examination in Sections 140 to 168, hostile witness under Section 157 (154), leading questions, impeaching credit, the judge's power to put questions under Section 168 (165), child witnesses and the sole-witness rule · CPC in the trial court: Order 6 Rule 17 amendment, Order 7 Rule 11 rejection of plaint, Order 8 Rule 1 and the written-statement timeline, Order 9 and Rule 13, Order 14 issues, Order 18 evidence by affidavit and Order 18 Rule 4, Order 20 judgment and decree, Order 39 Rules 1 and 2 and 2A, Order 38 Rule 5, Order 41 and 43 appeals, Sections 96, 100, 115 and 151 · Execution and special suits: Order 21 and Section 47, attachment and arrest, objections under Order 21 Rule 97 to 101, Order 33 indigent persons, Order 37 summary suits, Order 22 abatement, Order 23 compromise, Order 26 commissions, Section 24 transfer, Commercial Courts Act timelines · Criminal procedure the magistrate controls: Sections 180 and 183 BNSS statements (161 and 164), framing and alteration of charge in Sections 251 and 239 (228 and 216), the accused's examination under Section 351 (313), Section 348 summoning of additional witnesses (311), judgment and sentence hearing under Sections 258 and 392 (353 and 354), appeal, revision and inherent powers in Sections 413 to 442 and 528 · Judgment and order writing: the structure of a civil judgment under Order 20 Rule 4 and 5, findings on each issue, reasons on interim orders, the sentence hearing and reasons for the quantum, the bail order after Antil, the Section 138 NI Act judgment, and the standard of proof in civil against criminal cases

27+ seeded questions